Thursday, February 5, 2026

1968 "Pony Cars" -- Which One to Buy?

When not thinking very deeply or analytically, I sometimes think that there were ebb and flow periods in terms of quality of American automobile styling.  In some cases, ebb tides happened due to technological factors.  One instance was the mid-1930s, when "streamlining" yielded rounded forms that metal stamping  technology could barely support, while auto glass technology was still in the flat-panes era.

A "flow" time seems to have been the mid-1960s.  The tail fin fad was over, but government-mandated restrictions indirectly affecting shapes had yet to be imposed.  In particular, General Motors styling hit several high points because design honcho Bill Mitchell was hitting his stride.  Outstanding designs included 1964 and 1966 Buick Rivieras, 1967 Cadillac Eldorados, 1966 Oldsmobile Toronados, 1963 Corvettes, and the 1963 Pontiac Grand Prix.

Another mid-1960s American experience was the "pony car" (Wikipedia entry here).  The entry mentions some early '60s examples such as the Chevrolet Corvair Monza, but then moves into the era of this post's pony cars.

Our featured 1968-vintage models are the Ford Mustang, Plymouth Barracuda, Chevrolet Camaro, and American Motors Javelin.

First of the lot was the Mustang, introduced in the Spring of 1964.  Sadly, I was in the Army stationed in Korea at the time, and missed out experiencing the initial excitement first-hand.  By the 1968 model year, bustle back Mustangs had only been lightly facelifted, though fastback versions introduced for 1965 had an altered character.  Both are shown below.

Plymouth's Barracuda appeared about the same time as the Mustang.  But its styling (that I wrote about here) was not especially exciting, resembling in respects the Plymouth Valiant that it was based on.  A new Barracuda design appeared for 1967 with bustle back and fastback versions.

Chevrolet's Camaro appeared for the '67 model year.  It was based on the Chevrolet Nova "compact."  Its shared cowling structure dominated stylists' efforts to create a sporty Mustang-fighter.  The result was a slightly chunky look, but the theme with  lower cowling was applied successfully to a different package in 2010.

American Motors 1965-1967 Marlin was akin to Plymouth's first-generation Barracuda, being an obvious fastback variation of the firm's Rambler and Ambassador lines.  Javelin replaced it.  The 1968 Javelin was Rambler platform-based, but had different exterior cladding.

The 1968 Javelin appearance sets the stage for this post's theme: which pony car of that vintage would you have been tempted to buy based on styling alone.  The Gallery presents front-quarter, side view, and rear-quarter views of notchback and fastback versions of each model.  Where possible, I used photos of 1968 cars.  Otherwise, images of similar 1967 models were used to illustrate designs.

Front-quarter views below are a limited model set because front ends are the same regardless of the rear ends being fastbacks or notchbacks.

Gallery

1967 Ford Mustang coupe - car-for-sale photo
The basic shape is somewhat boxy.  The high hood and rather flat front add to this feeling, though the inset  headlights counteract this somewhat.

1968 Pymouth Barracuda - car-for-sale photo
A more graceful appearance ... rather feminine.  (Many guys like feminine-like cars along with their actual girlfriends.)  The two-segment grille was more similar to Pontiac's theme than General Motors might have liked.

1967 Chevrolet Camaro - Mecum Auctions photo
Front end on this Camaro is flat, nondescript.

1968 American Motors Javelin - Mecum
Not much of a bumper, but plenty of visual entertainment up front.  Another two-segment grille, but less Pontiac-like than Barracuda's.

1967 Mustang coupe - car-for-sale photo
Mustang's best feature for hood-loving me is the profile proportions.  Long hood, short trunk, and wide C-pillar.  Works well.  The fenderline flows, adding interest.  The side sculpting became a visual trademark for Mustang.  Interesting that there's no full-length sculpting or chrome trim to tie the front and rear visually -- very plain rear fender.

1967 Mustang fastback - Mecum
The fastback looks racier in profile.  But the added metal creates visual bulk counteracting raciness to some degree.

1967 Barracuda fastback - car-for-sale photo
Lighter profile than Mustang.  Fendeline flow is quite subtle.  Airier passenger compartment greenhouse than the fastback 'Stang's.

1968 Barracuda coupe - car-for-sale photo
The bustleback/notchback 'Cuda's greenhouse strikes me as being too delicate for a pony car, let alone any musclecar  variation.

1967 Camaro - BaT Auctions photo
Typical pony car profile proportions.  The side crease ties front to the rear.  Nice looking car, but rather generic design -- nothing striking about it.

1968 Javelin - Mecum
Proportionally short hood and long greenhouse.  C-pillar pretty heavy in this view.  Has mid-level crease tying the ends.

1967 Mustang coupe - car-for-sale photo
Now some rear-quarter views.  High rear fenders nest the trunk lid.  Tidy backlight window -- no drama here.  The dished-in panel above the bumper adds interest.  Three-piece tail light assemblies also became a  Mustang brand identifier.

1968 Mustang fastback - Mecum
The large backlight counteracts some of the visual bulk noted above.

1968 Barracuda fastback - car-for-sale photo
An "organic," flowing design from this angle.  Note the tie-in of the front C-pillar edge and the top backlight frame: professional touch.  Aft treatment is simple, but the thin bumper and sculpted panel are separated enough to create visual lightness.

1968 Barracuda - car-for-sale photo
All that is lost on the notchback Barracuda.

1967 Camaro - Mecum
The rear is tidy, but rather generic, like the rest of the design.  Nothing objectionable, mind you.  Nothing interesting or exciting, either.

1968 Javelin - Mecum
C-pillars become modest sail panels nesting the trunk lid.  This helps lighten C-pillar bulkiness.  Tidy rear end detailing contrasts the fussiness we find on today's designs.

All the designs shown here are nice aside, perhaps, from the too-delicate Barracuda bustleback.  Your taste will probably vary, but here is my two-cents take.  The Mustang's design seems too static.  The Barracuda is the prettiest, but a tiny bit too much so for me.  As noted, the Camaro is pleasant, but generic -- no excitement.  As for the Javelin, I would prefer a longer hood.  But otherwise, I have no serious complaints.  I would probably buy the Javelin for its looks.

Monday, February 2, 2026

Cadillac's First Tail Fins: 1948-1949

This 1948 Cadillac 62 Convertible car-for-sale photo was used in another post, provoking me to think about those famous, initial tail fins.  They were A Big Deal when they appeared.  A seriously different fender feature.

I was in elementary school then.  Aware of cars and brands, but unsophisticated.  I remember being impressed by a green fastback '48 or '49 Cadillac owned by a doctor who lived up the street from us.  And I recall the add-on tail fins one could buy at an auto parts store for attaching onto one's non-Cadillac. 

Those Cadillac tail fins proved to be a marketing success, even though some important folks in management didn't like what they saw on styling models.  On the other hand, reports I've read suggest that the stylists themselves liked the fins concept since the prewar days when some were taken to the nearby Army Air Corps Selfridge Field to view new P-38 fighters with twin vertical stabilizers.

The Book "Cadillacs of the Forties" by Roy A. Schneider (1976) mentions (p.124) some visual advantages claimed for the tail fins:

"Technically, raising the height or ends of the rear fenders had the visual effect of lowering the upper portion of the body.  Another advantage incumbent to the finned fender was a car that looked longer in  front three-quarter view.  This was true because the full rear fender stayed in sight from any viewing position.  Cars with traditional rear fenders that curved inward toward the rear bumper appeared shorter than they actually were because the lines of the rear fenders tended to fade away when viewed from frontal angles."

I don't buy the cases Schneider makes, though they make logical sense.  In the first place, those early Caddy fins were too small, too short to make the rest of the car seem lower.  Note that their tops were well below of the car's beltline.  Later, larger, higher tail fins could perform that visual trick to a some degree.  As for the other point, one viewing a car from a front quarter, body length is a lesser consideration than front end design.  Length is best appreciated from side-views, where 1948-49 tail fins made the designs slightly shorter visually because they halt the eye as it sweeps from front to rear.

I suppose my problem with early Cadillac tail fins is that they strike me as being too small.  They seem oddly insignificant.  A visual "So what?"  No doubt the profusion of much larger fins, especially on Chrysler Corporation cars starting in 1957, altered my perspective on the matter.

Why were they so successful from a marketing/branding standpoint?  Placing those fins on Cadillacs, GM's luxury/prestige brand, conveyed prestige to the design.  I wonder how they would have been accepted by the car-buying public if they were first given to, say, Pontiacs.

Let's take a further look at fins on various other 1948-49 Cadillac body types.

Gallery

1949 Cadillac 60 Special 4-door sedan - Mecum Auctions photos
Sixty-Specials had longer wheelbases than basic Cadillacs.  On these larger bodies, the fins seem more insignificant.

Here they appear odd.  What are they doing there?

1948 Cadillac 62 4-door sedan - car-for-sale photos
This is the basic 1948 Cadillac.  The trunk profile curves downward enough that the fin acquires a small degree of dominance in side-view.

The chrome strips below the tail lights were found only on 1948 Cadillac model 62s.

1948 Cadillac 62 Club Coupe - RM Sotheby's Auctions photos
Now for the fastback design.

The tail fins seem to work a bit better here because the simplicity of the rest of the rear sets them off, giving them more prominence than otherwise.

1949 Cadillac 62 Coupe de Ville - car-for-sale photos
A high, more squared-off trunk lid offering more capacity was introduced during the 1949 model year.

The tail fins also seem to work better on hardtop coupes than on four-door sedans.  But their perky shape still strikes me as being a bit silly.

Thursday, January 29, 2026

Volvo's 1935 Chrysler Airflow-like PV36 Carioca


As I mentioned here in my post "Airflow and its Variations in 1936," an Airflow "look-similar" was the Volvo PV36 Carioca.  One is shown in the evocative photo above.

The nickname "Carioca" is Brazilian, not Swedish -- a mid-1930s thing noted in the Wikipedia link.

A more detailed account is here.  It mentions that "The design was heavily based on streamline styling from American vehicles.  How many influences the Swedish designer Ivan Örnberg brought back home from his former employer Hupmobile in Detroit in 1933 can only be guessed.  In any case, there are various optical parallels, for example to the Chrysler Airflow."

Clearly, Airflow influence was strong.  I see little 1934 Hupmobile influence aside from the very rear.  One  important Airflow detail was placement of the passenger compartment between the axle lines, with the motor mounted more forward than conventional at the time.  Side views of the Carioca suggest that it followed Chrysler practice.  Its body was "all steel" (aside from the fabric roof insert), but probably not quasi-unitized in Airflow fashion.

Gallery

1935 Volvo PV36 Carioca - factory photo
Likely a prototype or early production model.  The slightly raised grille and hood front is more conventional than the strongly rounded (and much criticized) early Airflow front ends.  Basically a decent, tidy design for its time.

1935 Volvo PV36 Carioca - factory photo
Publicity or advertising image.

Volvo PV36 Carioca - via Top Gear
The grille and body shaping above the headlights is different from that show in the top photos.  Perhaps this is later than a 1935 model.

The decoration on the rear wheel spats is similar to that on Chrysler Airflows.  However, that sort of thing was also found on other 1930s cars such as Nashes and Peugeots.

Volvo PV36 Carioca - Bilweb Auctions photos
Same car as on the previous images, but in a different setting.

Rear quarter view.  Compare to the Hupmobile in the following image.

1934 Hupmobile 421 - image via Automobile Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 1
As mentioned above, Carioca's rear resembles this Hupp more than it does a '34 Airflow.  CU Airflow sedans lacked trunk lids, and the spare tire was not sunk into the aft sheet metal.

Volvo PV36 Carioca - via classicandsportscar.com
Again, a slightly different grille design.  License plate appears to be British.

Volvo PV36 Carioca - unknown photo source
Probably the same car as in the previous photo.  Compare its profile to the Airflow below.

1934 DeSoto Airflow - car-for-sale photo
Shown here is a DeSoto Airflow whose wheelbase (115.5 inches, 2934  mm) is closer than Chrysler's to that of the Carioca (116.1 inches, 2950 mm), making for a reasonable comparison.  The Carioca is a 4-window car, the Airflow has 6 windows.  Having fewer windows, the Carioca's aft profile curve is less abrupt than the DeSotos'.  Door hinging is reversed: "suicide" front on Carioca, rear on Airflow.  Airflows got some production cost savings by having major parts of door shapes reversed.  Note the symmetrical (but flipped) side window shapes.  The left front door and right rear door would used the same window shape tooling, ditto the right front door and left rear door.  Carioca seems to have done the same with respect to windows.

Monday, January 26, 2026

Oldsmobile Grille Evolution: 1946-1957

From time to time I post about grille/front-end design changes over many years -- years that span two or more body redesigns.  For example, I wrote about Pontiac 1935-1956 Silver Streaks here, DeSoto's 1940-1961 grilles here, and 1947-1955 Plymouth grilles here.

This post features an Oldsmobile grille theme that lasted 1946-1957.  I include grilles preceding and following that era to provide a little context for the theme.

Olds grilles in those years were simple in concept, framing being roughly semi- or completely oval -- deviations should be obvious in the images below.

Gallery

1942 Oldsmobile 76 Business Coupe - car-for-sale photo
I wrote about "The 1942 Oldsmobile's Complicated Grille" here.

1946 Oldsmobile 98 4-door sedan - car-for-sale photo
That grille design was abandoned when car production resumed after World War 2.  Framing might be characterized as "a flattened half oval, side and ends."  This simple design theme evolved over the next 11 model years.

1947 Oldsmobile 78 4-door sedan - car-for-sale photo
The design was only slightly changed for 1947.

1948 Oldsmobile Futuramic 98 Convertible - Mecum Auctions photo
Top-of-the-line Olds Ninety-Eights got General Motors' new, postwar C-bodies for 1948.  The grille is simplified, and more oval if the "whisker" extensions of the upper frame are disregarded.

1949 Oldsmobile 76 2-door sedan - GAA Auctions photo
Lesser Olds' were redesigned the following model year and inherited the grille of the previous image.

1950 Oldsmobile 88 Holiday Coupe - Mecum
Same design as for 1949, though Olds Ninety Eights had slightly different front bumpers.

1951 Oldsmobile Super 88 Holiday Coupe - car-for-sale photo
Framing reverts to 1946-47 style, along with a new for '51 body design..

1952 Oldsmobile Super 88 Convertible - car-for-sale photo
And essentially continues for '52.

1953 Oldsmobile 98 Holiday Coupe - Daniel Schmitt photo
Final year for pre-1954 bodies.  Note the oval decorations on the bumper guards.

1954 Oldsmobile Super 88 Holiday Coupe - car-for-sale photo
For '54 Olds got General Motors' new "futuristic" bodies with panoramic/wraparound windshields.  For brand continuity purposes, carryover items included grille framing and those oval bumper guards.

1955 Oldsmobile 98 Holiday Coupe - car-for-sale photo
Major frontal facelift for 1955.  The grille opening is oval, as are the bumper guard caps.

1956 Oldsmobile Super 88 Holiday Sedan - car-for-sale photo
Another facelift.  Grille opening is nearly oval, but bumper guards and their ovals are missing.

1957 Oldsmobile Super 88 Convertible - Mecum
Redesigned body, but the oval grill shape is retained.

1958 Oldsmobile 98 4-door sedan - car-for-sale photo
All that is gone on 1958 Oldsmobiles.